Quantitative Research Method – Part 5

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5 years ago

Hypothesis

The hypothesis is the combination of two words i.e. Hypothetical and Thesis, it means hypothetical statement. Hypothesis is a singular and for plural, it is written as Hypotheses. Based on research, we test the hypothesis, that this was the assumption of research and now going to test the model.

Approval and disapproval is a knowledge which is extracted on the basis of collected data. In simple words, a testable assumption which needs to be tested is called a hypothesis.

Good Hypothesis

For good Hypothesis, need to fulfill below-mentioned criteria:

It should have an expected relationship
It should be concise
It should be testable
It should be cleared
It should be specific
It should have consistency
It should be backed by literature

For example, the relationship between more than one variable should be comparable. Such as, “male students perform better than the female student” or “job stress leads to work-life imbalance”.

The placement of the Hypothesis is after Literature Review. Research Topic, Research Question, Objective and Hypothesis should be consistent with each other.

There are two styles of hypothesis:

Directional – it checks the impact of one variable on other variables. For instance, Marketing Mix has a positive impact on Customer Satisfaction.
Non-Directional – It checks the significance between the variables. For instance, Marketing Mix leads to Customer Satisfaction.
Double-Barrel – This is the situation when Directional

Hypothesis and Non-Directional Hypothesis are used together. Double-Barrel Hypothesis shall be avoided.

There are two types of Hypothesis, these are:

Null Hypothesis – which is denoted by HO
Alternate Hypothesis – which is denoted by HA or H1

Always the Null Hypothesis is tested. It reflects No relationship between variables. For example, there is no relationship between the Marketing Mix and Customer Satisfaction. Only the Null Hypothesis is either accepted or rejected.

On the other hand, the Alternate Hypothesis is not tested. It reflects the relationship between variables. For example, remittance has a positive impact on GDP.

Here is the comprehensive example of Alternate Hypothesis (from 1 to 3) and Null Hypothesis (from 4 to 6):

“Variable A” has a direct positive impact on “Variable Z”
“Variable B” has a direct positive impact on “Variable Z”
“Variable C” leads to a negative impact on “Variable Z”
There is no relationship between “Variable A” and “Variable Z”
There is no relationship between “Variable B” and “Variable Z”
There is no relationship between “Variable C” and “Variable Z”

Research Methodology

One of the best methods to comprehend the Methodology is Research Onion. Research Onion is used to strategist the methodology of research.

Research Onion comprises six layers as follows:

Research Philosophy
Research Approaches
Research Methodological choice
Research Strategy or Strategies
Research Time Horizon
Research Techniques and Procedures

Research Philosophy

Philosophy is a point of view. Research Philosophy is the first stand. The research thesis is followed by Research Philosophy. Research Philosophy is a procedure i.e. Pragmatism, Positivism, Realism, Interpretative, etc.

Research Approach

There are three approaches for a research purpose:

Deduction Research Approach – which is also called Quantitative Research Method.
Induction Research Approach – which is also called Qualitative Research Method.
Abduction Research Approach – which is also called Observation Research Method.